SCOLOPACIDAE (72 species)
Arrangement follows various recent genetic studies, as summarized by Boyd.
Bartramia longicauda Upland Sandpiper
Cas Cocos I (one bird Nov 1983-Sep 1984, another Apr 2005, Dean and Montoya 2005, Montoya 2008b). Acc NZ (Feb 1967 NI).
Numenius minutus Little Curlew
Vis Aug, Apr Palau. Cas Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Solomon Is (Bougainville, Hadden 2004a; Guadalcanal, Dutson 2011), New Caledonia (Dutson 2011), Nov-Mar Lord Howe I (7 recs, McAllan et alo 2004), NZ (NI, SI).
N. tahitiensis Bristle-thighed Curlew
Vis Sep-May Hawaiian Is (800 inds, mostly NW Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Caroline Is (Truk, Pohnpei, Yap- Clements 2003. Kosrae one rec Jun Hayes et al 2016), Wake I, Marshall Is, Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Phoenix Is, Line Is), Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Tubuai Is, Gambier Is, Pitcairn Is, and s to Fiji, Tonga (Wrnowski), Wallis and Futuna (2 records Sep 1993, Dec 1985, Thibault et al 2015), Samoa (Tarburton 2001), Niue, and Cook Is (Holyoak 1980). Cas to Ogasawara Is Sep, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Nauru (one banded Yukon recovered Aug Nauru, prob more frequent than recs indicate, Buden 2008), Solomon Is (Malaita, Three Sisters Oct, Santa Cruz Is: Tikopia, Pileni Sep, Duff Is Sep, Dutson 2001, Reef Is (Dutson 2011), Vanuatu, ?Norfolk I, Aug-Sep Kermadec Is (3 records, Veitch et al 2004). Previous rec for New Caledonia in error (Barre and Dutson 2000).
N. phaeopus Whimbrel
NOTE: Splitting of hudsonicus as Hudsonian Whimbrel has often been suggested (Sangster et al. 2011, Rasmussen and Anderton 2012), although current authorities have not yet accepted the proposal (IOC v7.2, Boyd, AOU).
N. p. variegatus Vis mostly Jul-Apr Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Buden 2006), Palau, Caroline Is, Marshall Is, Aug-May Hawaiian Is (Pyle and Pyle 2009), Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Amerson 1969), Nauru (Buden 2008), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is (Sep-Nov, Mar, Veitch et al 2004), NZ 100-200 per year both subspecies, but 90% this subsp. OSNZ 2010 (NI, SI). Cas Nov-Dec Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006). Acc Wallis and Futuna (3 recs Sep, Dec, Thibault et al 2015), Cook Is (spec Oct 1987, McCormack 2006)
N. p. hudsonicus Vis Aug-May Hawaiian Is (Pyle and Pyle 2009), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is, NZ (NI, SI). Cas Dec Norfolk I, Nov Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Fiji, Samoa, Cocos I (Montoya 2008b). Acc Caroline Is (Dec Pohnpei, Pratt et al 2010), Marshall Is (Apr Kwajalein, Pratt et al 2010), New Caledonia (Dutson 2011).
N. americanus Long-billed Curlew
Acc Revillagigedos Is (Apr 1999 Clarion, Wanless et al 2009).
N. madagascariensis Far Eastern Curlew
Vis Aug-Apr Palau (decreasing? Pratt et al 2010), Caroline Is (Yap, Truk 3 recs, Pratt et al 2010), Solomon Is (incl Sep-Dec Bougainville, Hadden 2004a, Green Is and Nuguria, Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Sep-Apr Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, NZ 20-50 per year (NI, SI). Cas Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991, Aug and Oct Guam, Wiles et al 2000, Pyle and Engbring 1985), Hawaiian Is (Jun French Frigate Shoals, Sep Laysan I, Scott et al 2001, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Mar-May and Oct-Dec Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006). Acc Ogasawara Is (Hahajima), Oct Kermadec Is (Veitch et al 2004), Niue (Sep, Powlesland et al 2000).
N. arquata Eurasian Curlew
N. a. orientalis? Cas Mariana Is (Saipan, Guam, Wiles et al 2000). Acc Niue (Pratt et al 1987).
L. lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit
NOTE: Recent authors recognize a central Russian subspecies menzbieri (Hayman et al 1986, Dickinson 2003; Tomkovich 2010), most of which migrate to Australia but there is some evidence that a few such birds reach NZ (post by Melville to BIRDING-NZ Aug 24, 2004; Tomkovich 2010). A specimen from Kure May 1988 appears to be menzbieri or lapponica (Pyle and Pyle 2009). Tomkovich (2010) confirmed that the isolated breeding population in the Anadyr area of e Siberia was referable to anadyrensis, and that many, if not all, of these birds winter in New Zealand. Direct flight to NZ and eastern Australia of about 150,000 birds from sw Alaska, presumed baueri, indicated by several lines of evidence. Birds occurring in Micronesia and east to New Caledonia probably are Asian menzbieri rather than baueri (Gill et al 2005); OSNZ (2010) cites no confirmed records of anadyrensis or menzbieri (NZBO). The form anadyrensis was included in baueri by Dickinson and Remson (2013).
L. l. anadyrensis Vis Sep-Apr New Zealand (Tomkovich 2010).
L. l. menzbieri Vis Sep-Apr New Zealand (Tomkovich 2010).
L. l. baueri Vis mostly Sep-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (incl Kosrae, Hayes et al 2016), Marshall Is (Amerson 1969), Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Amerson 1969), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Lifou, Barre and Dutson 2000), Fiji, Samoa (Tarburton 2002), Norfolk I, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is, NZ av 102,000 per year (NI, SI, OSNZ 2010), Chatham Is. Cas Ogasawara Is, Hawaiian Is (most in NW Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Dec Niue, Wallis and Futuna (Dec-Jan 1985-86, Thibault et al 2015), Oct Tonga (Wnorowski), Cook Is (McCormack 2006), Nov-Dec Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001), Oct-Jan Campbell I, Auckland Is, Oct-Jan Macquarie I. Hypo Nauru (Buden 2008).
Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit
L. l. melanuroides Vis mostly Oct-Apr Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Kosrae- Hayes et al 2016), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Oct-Nov Lord Howe I (5 recs, McAllan et al 2004), NZ (most 21 per year, NI, SI). Cas Marshall Is, Dec-Jan Auckland Is. Acc Kiribati (Jul, Child 1982), Chatham Is (Dec Chatham, Miskelly et al 2006), Hawaiian Is (single bird Oct-Apr Maui and Oahu, N Am Birds 56:121; Pyle 2002, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
L. haemastica Hudsonian Godwit
Cas NZ (most 9 per year Oct-Apr NI, SI; first rec Chathams Nov-Dec 2004, Miskelly et al 2006), Hawaiian Is (2-3 recs Jul-Sep Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Acc Marshall Is (Kwajalein), Apr and May Fiji, Nov Norfolk I, ?Campbell I, Galapagos Is. Evidence that these birds reach NZ accompanying Bar-tailed Godwits on nonstop Pacific crossing in Gill et al (2005).
L. fedoa Marbled Godwit
NOTE: Subspecies beringiae entails only about 1000-2000 pairs, in an isolated population in sw Alaska; it and nominate fedoa both winter on the Pacific Coast (Gratto-Trevor 2000).
L. l. fedoa/beringiae? Cas Aug-Mar Galapagos Is, Hawaiian Is (Oct Laysan, one bird Oahu and Maui Nov 2004- Feb 2006, Oct Hawaii; these records likely beringiae, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone
A. i. interpres (includes oahuensis of Siberia to western Alaska, Dickinson 2003) Vis Aug-May, occasional Jun-Jul, throughout w Pacific Is, incl Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Hawaiian Is, Marshall Is, Kiribati, Nauru (Buden 2008), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is, Walpole, Matthew, Barre and Dutson 2000), Fiji, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna (Thibault et al 2015), Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Tokelau Is, Cook Is (Holyoak 1980), Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, Kermadec Is, NZ (5000 each year, NI, SI), Auckland Is, Antipodes Is, Chatham Is. Cas Snares Is, Nov-Jan Campbell I, Jul-Aug and Dec Macquarie I, e to Society Is, Tuamotu Arch. At least one banded fall migrant recovered in Hawaiian Is originated from Alaska (R. David), another from Alaska was recovered in New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003), and one was tracked from Alaska 26 Jul to Australia with a 6-week stop in Gilbert Is arriving Australia 3 Dec (Aus. Wader Study Group 2010) .
A. i. morinella Vis (AOU 1957; Hayman et al 1986) mostly Aug-May Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Cas Cocos I (Montoya 2008b. Acc (this subsp?) Hawaiian Is (Baker 1951).
A. melanocephala Black Turnstone
Vis Aug-Apr Guadalupe I. Acc Galapagos Is (San Cristobal, Swash and Still 2005).
Prosobonia cancellatus Kiritimati Sandpiper
NOTE: Formerly placed in Aechmorhynchus, which was merged with Prosobonia (Cibois et al 2012); the latter generic name has precedence. This taxon is known from only a single specimen, which is accorded specific status (Dickinson 2003, Walters 1993, Zusi and Jehl 1970).
Extinct. Formerly res Kiritimati I (DuPont 1976).
P. parvirostris Tuamotu Sandpiper
Res Tuamotu Arch (Morane and Anuana Runga Atolls 150-200 inds; Tahanea islets 12-15 inds: Toreatai, Noiokao; Tenararo, Raevski Group, Fakarava, Maturei-Vavao, Pinaki, Marutea du Sud).
P. leucoptera Tahiti Sandpiper
NOTE: This taxon and the next, ellisi, are considered specifically distinct (Zusi and Jehl 1970).
Extinct. Res formerly Society Is (Tahiti).
P. ellisi Moorea Sandpiper
Extinct. Res formerly Society Is (Moorea).
Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot
NOTE: Current consensus is to place most sandpipers in Calidris rather than several former genera including Ereunetes (Gibson 2010, Gibson and Baker 2012, Banks (2012); see discussion in Boyd).
Cas Sep and Apr Palau (Pratt et al 2010), Mariana Is (Nov-Mar Guam, Wiles et al 2000), Caroline Is (Truk), Solomon Is, New Caledonia (3 recs Oct-Mar, Dutson 2011, Barre and Bachy 2003), NZ (Sep-Apr NI, SI). Acc Nov Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
C. canutus Red Knot
NOTE: Measurements suggest that 2 populations occur in NZ: one (smaller; piersmai? see Tomkovich 2001) as in e Australia and another (larger) prob rogersi based on bill measurements (HANZAB). Pyle and Pyle (2009) consider the species monotypic.
C. c. piersmai Vis NZ (Sep-Apr NI,SI).
C. c. rogersi Vis Sep-Apr Solomon Is, New Caledonia (Dutson 2011), Lord Howe I (rare; not on main migration route, or flyover, McAllan et al 2004). NZ av 35,000 per year mid-2000s (NZBO; NI, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (24 recs, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Fiji, Samoa (Upolu, Tarburton), Sep-Nov Kermadec Is (Veitch et al 2004), Norfolk I. Acc Palau (Pratt et al 2010), Mariana Is (Oct Guam, Wiles et al 2000), Caroline Is (Yap Mar, Pratt et al 2010), Auckland Is, Campbell I, Nov Macquarie I.
C. c. rufa? Acc Galapagos Is (Floreana 1969, Swash and Still 2005).
C. virgata Surfbird
NOTE: Recent studies indicated transfer from Aphriza to Calidris (Gibson & Baker 2012, Banks 2012).
Vis Sep-Apr Galapagos Is. Cas Revillagigedo Is. Acc Apr 2011 Hawaiian Is (Oahu- VanderWerf).
C. pugnax Ruff
NOTE: Recent studies indicated transfer from Philomachus to Calidris (Gibson & Baker 2012, Banks 2012).
Vis Aug-Jun Mariana Is, Palau (few winter, Pratt et al 2010). Cas Caroline Is (Yap- Clements 2003, Truk), Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is (almost annual Jul-May, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Solomon Is (Bougainville, Hadden 2004a), NZ (11 records Nov-Apr NI and SI, OSNZ 2010). Acc Johnston I. Hypo Revillagigedos Is (Clarion, Wanless et al 2009).
C. falcinellus Broad-billed Sandpiper
NOTE: Recent studies indicated transfer from Limicola to Calidris (Gibson & Baker 2012, Banks 2012).
C. f. sibirica (This spelling correct, OSNZ 2010) Cas NZ (Nov-Apr and May-Dec NI; 1 record SI, OSNZ 2010). Acc Sep Palau, ?Solomon Is (Three Sisters Is- unconfirmed, Dutson 2011).
C. acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (most fall and spring- Clements 2003), Marshall Is, Wake I, Hawaiian Is (most Aug-Oct, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Phoenix Is, Line Is), Solomon Is (Hadden 2004a) incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu (Dutson 2011), New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Walpole, Barre and Dutson 2000, Barre and Bachy 2003), Fiji, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), NZ 100-200 per year (NI, SI). Cas Kermadec Is (Oct Raoul, Veitch et al 2004), Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001), Auckland Is (OSNZ 2010). Acc Iwo Is, Nauru (Nov 1961, Buden 2008), Tuamotu Is (Nov Mataiva, Pym).
C. ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper
Vis Palau, Solomon Is (Sep- Jul Bougainville, Hadden 2004a; Green Is and Nuguria, Tarburton 2006, Buka Dutson 2011), NZ 50-100 per year (NI, SI). Cas e Solomon Is, New Caledonia, Marshall Is (Kwajalein), Hawaiian Is (10-12+ recs, only one from NW Is, Laysan Oct, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Norfolk I (3 recs 1970, 1984, 1987, OSNZ 2010), Aug-Mar Lord Howe I (10+ recs, McAllan et al 2004), Chatham Is (2 recs, Miskelly et al 2006), Auckland Is. Acc Mariana Is (Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Yap).
C. himantopus Stilt Sandpiper
NOTE: Sometimes included in genus Micropalama, but see AOU (1998).
Cas Oct-Apr Galapagos Is, Cocos I (Montoya 2008b). Acc Ogasawara Is (Sep Minamijima), Hawaiian Is (Sep 2002 Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009), NZ (Sep-Nov 1998 SI, Hill 2006).
C. temminckii Temminck's Stint
Cas Mariana Is (Saipan, Guam, Wiles et al 2000).
C. subminuta Long-toed Stint
Vis Sep-Apr Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk). Acc Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima), Mariana Is (Saipan, hypo Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991), Hawaiian Is (Aug 1967 Midway, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Solomon Is (Bellona, but info does not rule out C. minutilla Least Sandpiper, Dutson 2001, but listed Dutson 2011, not listed by Mayr and Diamond 2001), Kiribati (Line Is: Kirimati), NZ (2 records 1997, 2000, Aug-Sep SI).
C. ruficollis Red-necked Stint
Vis Sep-Apr Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk; Kosrae, Hayes et al 2016), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), New Caledonia, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, NZ 150-200 per year (NI, SI). Cas Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is (13-14 recs, only one NW Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Vanuatu (Dutson 2011), Fiji, Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006). Acc Samoa (Feb-Mar Upolu, Tarburton 2001), Auckland Is, Macquarie I.
C. alba Sanderling
NOTE: Dickinson (2003) list 2 subspecies, Eurasian alba and Siberian and North American rubida. Both may occur in the Pacific.
Vis Aug-Apr tropical Pacific Is incl Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is, Wake I, Hawaiian Is (Jul-May, mostly SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Marshall Is, Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Phoenix Is, Line Is, Amerson 1969), Solomon Is (Bougainville, Gizo, Three Sisters Is, Santa Cruz Is: Pileni Nov, Sand Is Sep, Dutson 2001; Apr, Jul, Sep Bougainville, Hadden 2004a), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Niue, NZ (NI, SI), Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Galapagos Is. Cas Chatham Is, Cook Is (Manihiki, Manuae, Holyoak 1980), Pitcairn Is, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Clipperton I.
C. alpina Dunlin
C. a. sakhalina Vis Aug-May Hawaiian Is (6 of 7 specimens NW Is this subsp, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Cas (presumably this subsp based on evidence from Hawaiian Is) Ogasawara Is (Hahajima, Chichijima), Feb-Mar Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is.
C. a. pacifica Vis Aug-May Hawaiian Is (evidence suggests most in SE Is are this subsp, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Acc (this subsp.?) NZ (3 recs 1975, 1977, 1979, OSNZ 2010).
C. bairdii Baird's Sandpiper
Cas Hawaiian Is (c. 15 recs, most Aug-Oct, Pyle and Pyle 2009), NZ (5 recs Oct-Apr NI), Cocos I (Montoya 2008b), Galapagos Is.
C. minuta Little Stint
Vis Sep-Oct Palau (Baker 1951). Cas Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Hawaiian Is (Sep-Oct Kure, Sep and Apr-May Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Solomon Is, Fiji (Viti Levu, duPont 1976), NZ (2 records SI 1992-93 and 1995, OSNZ 2010).
C. minutilla Least Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May (most Aug-Oct) Hawaiian Is (SE Is; 3 poss recs NW Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Cas Cocos I (Montoya 2008b). Hypo NZ (OSNZ 2010).
C. fuscicollis White-rumped Sandpiper
Cas NZ (Dec and Mar NI), Galapagos Is, Cocos I (Montoya 2008b). Acc Hawaiian Is (Sep 2006 Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
C. subruficollis Buff-breasted Sandpiper
NOTE: Recent studies indicated transfer from Tryngites to Calidris (Gibson & Baker 2012, Banks 2012).
Cas Hawaiian Is (11 recs Sep-Nov Kure, Midway, French Frigate, Kauai, Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Marshall Is (Eniwetok, Amerson 1969, Wiles 2005), Caroline Is (Pohnpei, Chuuk, Buden 2006, Wiles 2005), Johnston I, Tubuai Is (Rapa). Acc Jan Samoa (? Watling 2001), Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991, McAllan et al 2004), Galapagos Is (Swash and Still 2005).
C. melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May tropical Pacific incl Palau, Mariana Is (Guam, Tinian, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Pohnpei), Marshall Is (Taka, Amerson 1969), Hawaiian Is (95% Jul-Nov, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Kiribati, Norfolk I, NZ up to 20 per year (NI, SI). Cas Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Solomon Is (Oct Bougainville, Hadden 2004a; Rennell, Buka, Dutson 2011), Vanuatu, Nov-Mar Lord Howe I (4 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Fiji, Wallis and Futuna (first rec Sep 2014, Thibault et al 2015), Samoa, Cook Is (Nov, McCormack 2006), Niue (Sep, Powlesland et al 2000), Clipperton I, Cocos I (2 records Apr, Dean and Montoya 2005), Galapagos Is (3 recs, Santa Cruz 2, Isabela, Swash and Still 2005).
C. pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper
Cas Hawaiian Is (12 recs SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Galapagos Is, Cocos I (Montoya 2008b). Hypo Marshall Is (Spennemann and Benjamin 2004) and NZ (Pyle and Pyle 2009, OSNZ 2010).
C. mauri Western Sandpiper
Vis Jul-Apr Hawaiian Is, Clipperton I, Revillagigedo Is. Cas Johnston I, NZ (4 records NI, SI, OSNZ 2010), Galapagos Is, Cocos I (Montoya 2008b).
Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper
NOTE: Studies by Pereira and Baker (2005) showed that this taxon is a basal genus to Tringa.
Vis Aug-May Palau, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Pagan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Yap), Solomon Is (Green Is, Nuguria, Tarburton 2006; Bougainville, Dutson 2011), NZ most 14 per year (NI, SI). Cas Mar-Nov and Nov (2 birds) New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003), Sep-Feb Lord Howe I (5 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Nov-Dec Norfolk I. Acc Fiji (Viti Levu), Oct Tonga (Wnorowski).
Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope
NOTE: Although this taxon differs in certain respects from the next two (Christidis and Boles 2008), current consensus places it in Phalaropus rather than Steganopus.
Vis Aug-Dec Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (2 recs NW Is French Frigate Aug-Sep, 40+ recs SE Is Jul-Oct, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Johnston I, Easter I, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya and Pascal 2004), at sea between Easter I and Galapagos Is, NZ (Sep, and Oct 2005 NI, Nov-Apr SI).
P. lobatus Red-necked Phalarope
Vis Aug-Apr Galapagos Is. At sea Oct-Apr sw Pacific n of New Guinea incl Palau (recent photo, Pratt and Etpison 2008) but unrecorded Solomon Is, also outer edge Humboldt Current off Ecuador and Peru. Cas Hawaiian Is (c. 20 recs, most from Laysan Oct-Mar; 2 confirmed from SE Is Kauai and Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Palau Sep-Nov 3 recs, Pratt et al 2010), Revillagigedo Is (Jehl and Parkes 1982), NZ (10 records Apr-Jun NI, Jan and Mar SI). Acc Mariana Is (May Tinian, Wiles et al 2000).
P. fulicarius Red Phalarope
NOTE: David and Gosselin (2002a) discussed gender agreement.
At sea Oct-Apr off Chile incl Juan Fernandez Is; Siberian breeders se across Pacific to s of Hawaiian Is (HANZAB; Oct-May, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Sep-May off Mexico (most during migration periods, Howell and Webb 1995) incl Galapagos Is (Swash and Still 2005), Feb-Apr ec Pacific. Cas Kiribati, NZ (8 records Mar, Jun-Jul OSNZ 2010; suggests source to east, not Asia). Acc Macquarie I (Tasmania PWS).
Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper
Vis Aug-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Pohnpei Pratt et al 2010, Kosrae, Pyle and Engbring 1985, Wiles 2005, Hayes et al 2016), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Oct-Nov and Jan-Mar, Barre and Bachy 2003). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Nov-Feb Lord Howe I (9 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Feb-Mar Norfolk I, NZ (NI, SI), Kiribati, Jan Fiji, Feb and Apr Samoa. Acc Wake I, Cook Is (Nov Rarotonga, McCormack 2006). There are no confirmed records for Hawaiian Is (Pyle and Pyle 2009).
A. macularius Spotted Sandpiper
Vis Oct-May Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Aug-May; 32 recs SE Is, 8 recs NW Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2008b). Acc Marshall Is (spec Taka; Pyle and Engbring 1985), Johnston I.
Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper
Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima), Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau (2 recs, Pratt and Etpison 2008; Pratt et al 2010).
T. solitaria Solitary Sandpiper
T. s cinnamomea Cas Dec-Feb Galapagos Is, Hawaiian Is (2 recs each Hawaii and Oahu Sep-Apr, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
T. brevipes Grey-tailed Tattler
Vis Sep-Apr Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Wiles 2005; Kosrae 5% of tattlers this sp., Hayes et al 2016), Marshall Is (Spennemann and Benjamin 2004), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Norfolk I, Aug-May Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), NZ (NI, SI). Cas Hawaiian Is (7 recs confirmed this sp Aug-Jun, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Kiribati (Gilbert Is: Tarawa, Amerson 1969), Nauru (Buden 2008), Fiji (but see Dutson and Watling 2007), Tuvalu, Kermadec Is (Sep-Dec, Veitch et al 2004), Chatham Is. Acc Cook Is (Aitutaki), ?Snares Is, Auckland Is (OSNZ 2010.
T. incana Wandering Tattler
Vis mostly Sep-Mar (usually later than brevipes in Micronesia, Baker 1951; more common eastward than Grey-tailed, Hayes et al 2016) Mariana Is (Wiles 2005), Palau (far fewer than brevipes, Pratt and Etpison 2008), Caroline Is, Wake I, Marshall Is, Nauru (Buden 2008), Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Amerson 1969), Jul-May Hawaiian Is 1000 inds (Pyle and Pyle 2009), Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Pitcairn Is (Bourne and David 1983), Solomon Is incl Oct and Jan Bougainville, Hadden 2004a, Green Is and Nuguria, Tarburton 2006; more common eastward, Dutson 2011), Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is, Chesterfields, Barre and Dutson 2000), Fiji, Wallis and Futuna (Thibault et al 2015), Tonga, Samoa, Niue, Cook Is, Jan-May Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is (Mar-Jun, Aug-Nov, Veitch et al 2004), NZ (NI, SI), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Oct-Mar and Jun (Ewin) Norfolk I, Cocos I (Montoya 2008b), Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Auckland Is. Two birds out of 13 banded in Alaska wintered on Hawaii (Big Island) for several years (R. David).
T. flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs
Vis Aug-May Hawaiian Is, Johnson I, Galapagos Is. Cas NZ (Oct-Apr NI, Oct-Apr SI), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003). Acc Marshall Is (Pyle and Pyle 2009), Tuamotu Is (Pyle and Pyle 2009), Nov Chatham Is (Chatham I). Hypo Palau (Pratt et al 2010), Fiji (Nov Taveuni, Silcock).
T. inornata Western Willet
NOTE: The former Willet genus (Catoptrophorus) has been merged into Tringa (Pereira & Baker 2005). The former subspecies of Willet inornata and semipalmata are considered separate species (Oswald et al 2016).
Vis (this species?) mostly Sep-Apr Guadalupe I, Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (8 recs SE Is Oct-May, 1 rec poss semipalmata, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Revillagigedo Is (Clarion, Brattstrom and Howell 1956, Wanless et al 2009), Cocos I (Sep-Jun, Dean and Montoya 2005). Acc Johnston I (? Pyle and Pyle 2009), Kiribati (Kiritimati, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
T. totanus Common Redshank
T. t. subsp? Vis Palau, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Yap 2 recs, Pratt et al 2010).
T. stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper
Vis Sep-May Palau, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is (Bougainville, Rennell (Hadden 2004a, Dutson 2011), New Caledonia (Feb, Barre and Dutson 2000), NZ (NI, SI). Cas Hawaiian Is (Oct-Nov Midway I, Oct Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Oct-Dec Norfolk I, Dec-Apr Lord Howe I (4 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Chatham Is.
T. glareola Wood Sandpiper
Vis Mariana Is, Aug-May Palau, w Caroline Is (Yap, Truk). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is (5 recs Midway I and Kure I, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Solomon Is (Oct and Apr Bougainville, Hadden 2004a). Acc Samoa (Mar Upolu, Tarburton 2001).
T. erythropus Spotted Redshank
Acc Caroline Is (Truk), Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii Nov 2014). Hypo Mariana Is (Oct Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991).
T. melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs
Cas Hawaiian Is (2 recs NW Is, 20+ SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Galapagos Is. Acc Mariana Is (Rota, Reichel and Glass 1991), Marshall Is (Jaluit, ?Ebon, Spenneman and Benjamin 2004), Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003). Hypo Wake I (Pyle and Engbring 1985), Cook Is (this sp or Lesser Yellowlegs, Holyoak 1980).
T. guttifer Nordmann's Greenshank
Hypo Oct Mariana Is (Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991).
T. nebularia Common Greenshank
Vis Aug-May Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Pagan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is (Green Is, Nuguria, Tarburton 2006, Bougainville, Ontong Java, Dutson 2011), NZ (NI, SI). Cas Jul and Oct New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003), Oct-Mar and Jul Lord Howe I (13 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Dec and May Norfolk I, Jan Chatham Is, Nov-Dec Snares Is, Campbell I, Macquarie I.
Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher
L. g. caurinus? Cas Hawaiian Is (14+ recs, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Aug-May Galapagos Is. Acc Guadalupe I, Cocos I (Montoya 2012).
L. scolopaceus Long-billed Dowitcher
Vis Aug-May Hawaiian Is (Pyle and Pyle 2009). Cas Mariana Is (Nov-Dec Guam, Wiles et al 2000; this sp? Dec-Jan Saipan, Wiles et al 2000). Acc Marshall Is (Majuro 2011, McKinlay, pers. comm.), Nov Revillagigedo Is (Jehl and Parkes 1982), Clipperton I, Samoa (Upolu, Watling 2001).
L. semipalmatus Asiatic Dowitcher
Cas NZ (3 records Feb-May NI, 1 record Aug-Sep SI, OSNZ 2010). Acc Solomon Is (Sep Isabel, Dutson 2011).
Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock
Res s Izu Is (Torishima). Acc Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima).
C. pusilla Chatham Island Snipe
Res Chatham Is about 1000 prs (Aikman and Miskelly 2004): Rangatira/South East I 700-800 prs; Star Keys: Round I 50 prs; extirp Mangere I but re-int 1970, 50 prs; Little Mangere I 200-250 prs; cas vis Pitt I. Sightings Feb 2006 of 1-2 birds Rabbit I (off nw coast Pitt I, Miskelly et al 2006). Recent lower est 1300 ads (Shirihai 2002).
C. barrierensis North Island Snipe
NOTE: This taxon, along with the next two (iredalei and huegeli, are split from Subantarctic Snipe C. aucklandica (see under C. aucklandica below; Baker et al. 2010, Worthy et al. 2002).
Extinct. Res formerly NZ (NI, Little Barrier I, Motukorea I in Hauraki Gulf, Worthy et al 2002).
C. iredalei South Island Snipe
Extinct. Res formerly NZ (SI and islands off Stewart I, Worthy et al 2002, Miskelly 2012a).
C. heugeli Snares Island Snipe
Res Snares Is 1100 inds, 325-480 prs (Miskelly et al 2001). Int SI: island off Stewart I (Putauhinu), 30 inds (Charteris and Miskelly 2005), breeding successfully (Miskelly 2011, 2012b). Int in progress Codfish I (Miskelly and Powlesland 2013).
Coenocorypha aucklandica Subantarctic Snipe
NOTE: HANZAB noted that differences in plumages and measurements among the aucklandica group are greater than in some sympatric species of Gallinago (HANZAB), and all forms were listed as full species by Holdaway et al (2001). Worthy et al (2002) noted diagnosable differences between aucklandica, meinertzhagenae, and the Campbell Island taxon, but retained them as a subspecies group pending further studies. Miskelly and Baker (2009) noted that radiation of aucklandica to Campbell and Antipodes Is is recent, during the last 10,000 years, and retained these three taxa as subspecies within aucklandica, as followed here.
C. a. aucklandica Res Auckland Is 20,000+ inds.
C. a. perseverance Res Campbell Is (Jacquemart I: <50 inds, discovered 1997, Barker et al 2005; Judd 1998; apparently recolonizing main Campbell I after 2001 rat eradication- Barker et al 2005; Miskelly and Baker 2009). According to Baker et al (2005), these birds appear to be most closely related to the Auckland Island and Antipodes Island Snipes, but sufficiently distinct that they are likely to prove to be at least an endemic subspecies, as described by Miskelly and Baker (2009).
C. a. meinertzhagenae Res Antipodes Is 8000 inds.
G. solitaria Solitary Snipe
G. s. japonica Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima).
Gallinago hardwickii Latham's (Japanese) Snipe
Cas Solomon Is (Bougainville: mostly Oct-Apr, Hadden 2004a; but no confirmed recs, Dutson 2011), NZ (NI, SI), Sep-Mar Norfolk I, Nov-May Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Macquarie I. Acc Marshall Is (Kwajalein, ?HANZAB, Pyle and Engbring 1985; Pratt et al 2010), Nov Snares Is. Hypo Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991; Yap, Rota, Pratt et al 2010).
G. delicata Wilson's Snipe
NOTE: Considered specifically separate from G. delicata on plumage and vocal grounds (AOU 2002).
Vis Sep-Apr Hawaiian Is (SE Is; none confirmed NW Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Cas Guadalupe I, Cocos I (Montoya 2008b).
G. gallinago Common Snipe
G. g. gallinago Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991, Saipan, Rota, Wiles et al 2000), Hawaiian Is (4+ recs, Kure, Oahu, Maui, Kauai, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Acc Caroline Is (Yap, Pratt and Etpison 2008, Pratt et al 2010; Palau Oct Pratt et al 2010; Kosrae Apr Hayes et al 2016). Hypo Wake I (Pyle and Engbring 1985).
G. stenura Pintail Snipe
Cas (this sp? Pratt et al 1987) Oct-Apr w Micronesia; Reichel and Glass 1991 consider hypo for Mariana Is (Rota, Tinian). Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima), Hawaiian Is (Jan 1964 Kure, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
G. megala Swinhoe's Snipe
Vis Sep-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Wiles 2005; hypo Kosrae, Hayes et al 2016). Cas Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Bougainville (Dutson 2001), Guadalcanal (Dutson 2011). Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima).