MIMIDAE (7 species) STURNIDAE (27 species) TURDIDAE (27 species) MUSCICAPIDAE (10 species) DICAEIDAE (2 species) NECTARINIIDAE (1 species)
Mimus polyglottos Northern Mockingbird
M. p. polyglottos Res Revillagigedo Is (Socorro since 1978, 30+ inds 1981, Jehl and Parkes 1982); acc Clarion, Brattstrom and Howell 1956). Int Hawaiian Is (SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Cas nw Hawaiian Is (mostly late summer and fall, French Frigate Shoals, Nihoa, Necker, Pyle and Pyle 2009), incl one at sea Hawaiian Is EEZ in period Aug-Nov- M. Force), Jan-Mar Guadalupe I.
M. graysoni Socorro Mockingbird
NOTE: Recent genetic data (Barber et al 2004) indicate this species belongs within Mimus (AOU 2005).
Res Revillagigedo Is (Socorro 50-60 prs).
M. parvulus Galapagos Mockingbird
NOTE: The Galapagos Is taxa, formerly Nesomimus, are now merged with Mimus (Arbogast et al 2006).
N. t. parvulus Res Galapagos Is (Fernandina, Isabela, Santa Cruz, Daphne, Seymour, Baltra).
N. t. personatus Res Galapagos Is (Pinta, Marchena, San Salvador, Rabida).
N. t. bauri Res Galapagos Is (Genovesa).
N. t. barringtoni Res Galapagos Is (Santa Fe).
N. t. wenmani Res Galapagos Is (Wenman).
N. t. hulli Res Galapagos Is (Culpepper).
M. trifasciatus Floreana Mockingbird
Res total pop 46 inds (Chartier 1999) Galapagos Is (Gardner by Floreana, Champion; extirp Santa Maria).
M. macdonaldi Espanola Mockingbird
Res Galapagos Is (Espanola, Gardner by Espanola).
M. melanotis San Cristobal Mockingbird
Res Galapagos Is (San Cristobal).
Oreoscoptes montanus Sage Thrasher
Acc Guadalupe I.
Christidis and Boles (2008) reverted to the spelling Aplornis which is senior to Aplonis and has been used to some extent in recent works, but a case for retention of Aplonis based on general usage, despite its being an incorrect subsequent spelling of the senior Aplornis, was made by Schodde et al (2007). Lovette et al (2008) and Zuccon et al (2006) found that Sturnus was polytypic, or at least "overly broad" (Boyd); some species within former Sturnus were moved to separate genera. The sequence taxonomy proposed by Boyd is followed by IOC v7.2 and herein.
Mino kreffti Long-tailed Myna
NOTE: Mayr and Diamond (2001) noted that kreffti is quite distinct from M. dumontii.
M. k. kreffti Res Solomon Is (Bougainville, Solomon Is except for Guadalcanal, Malaita, Ulawa, Makira, Ramos, Gower, Rennell, and Bellona).
M. k. sanfordi Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal, Malaita, Ulawa).
M. k. subsp? Acc Vanuatu? (Mele, Efate).
Aplonis brunneicapillus White-eyed Starling
NOTE: David and Gosselin (2002a) noted that brunneicapillus is an invariable noun and should not be changed to brunneicapilla.
Res Solomon Is (Bougainville, Choiseul, Guadalcanal, Rendova).
A. metallica Metallic Starling
A. m. nitida Res Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006) and Tulun (Hadden 2004b) s and e to Santa Ana, but not Rennell.
A. pelzelni Pohnpei Starling
Extinct? Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei, Auk 113:229).
A. corvina Kosrae Starling
Extinct. Res formerly Caroline Is (Kosrae; Hayes et al 2016).
A. opaca Micronesian Starling
A. o. aenea Res Mariana Is (from Anatahan north to Maug, Reichel and Glass 1991).
A. o. guami Res Mariana Is (Guam, Rota, Tinian, Saipan).
A. o. orii Res Palau (Babelduab to Angaur).
A. o. kurodai Res Caroline Is (Yap).
A. o. ponapensis Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei).
A. o. opaca Res Caroline Is (Kosrae).
A. o. anga Res Caroline Is (Chuuk).
A. grandis Brown-winged Starling
A. g. macrura Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
A. g. grandis Res Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville, Shortland Is, Fauro, Choiseul, Wagina, Santa Isabel, Florida Is, Mono, New Georgia Is).
A. malaitae Malaita Starling
NOTE: The taxon malaitae is quite distinct (Mayr and Diamond 2001) and considered so at the species level by Finch (1990). See also Dutson (2011). This split is not recognized, however, by Boyd or IOC v7.2.
Res Solomon Is (Malaita).
A. dichroa Makira Starling
Res Solomon Is (Makira).
A. cantoroides Singing Starling
Res Solomon Is incl Nuguria (Tarburton 2006) but reports Nissan doubtful (Hadden 2004b).
A. feadensis Atoll Starling
A. f. feadensis Res Solomon Is (Green Is, Tarburton 2006, Nuguria, Takuu, Tulun, Ontong Java, Hadden 2004a, 2004b).
A. insularis Rennell Starling
Res Solomon Is (Rennell).
A. zelandica Rusty-winged Starling
A. z. rufipennis Res Vanuatu (from Paama and Lopevi north, Banks Is).
A. z. maxwelli Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Nendo).
A. z. zelandica Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Vanikoro).
A. striata Striated Starling
A. s. striata Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Ile de Pins).
A. s. atronitens Res New Caledonia (Loyalty Is: Lifou, Ouvea, Mare,?Walpole, Barre and Dutson 2000).
A. santovestris Mountain Starling
Res Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo).
A. tabuensis Polynesian Starling
A. t. pachyrampha David and Gosselin (2002b) note correct use of pachyrampha.
Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Reef Is, Swallow Is, Tinakula).
A. t. tucopiae Res Santa Cruz Is (Tikopia).
A. t. rotumae Res Fiji (Rotuma).
A. t. vitiensis Res Fiji except Onoilau, Vatoa.
A. t. tabuensis Res extreme se Fiji (Onoilau, Vatoa), Tonga (except Niuafoou, Niuatoputapu, Tafahi).
A. t. fortunae Res Wallis and Futuna (Futuna, Alofa, Uvea, Thibault et al 2015).
A. t. tenebrosa Res Tonga (Niuatoputapu, Tafahi).
A. t. nesiotes Res Tonga (Niuafoou, Rinke 1986).
A. t. brunnescens Res Niue.
A. t. manuae Res Samoa (Manua Is).
NOTE: Pratt and Mittermeier (2016) proposed raising this taxon to species level.
A. t. tutuilae Res Samoa (Tutuila).
A. t. brevirostris Res Samoa (Upolu, Savaii).
A. atrifusca Samoan Starling
Res Samoa (Upolu, Savaii, Tutuila).
A. cinerascens Rarotonga Starling
Res Cook Is (Rarotonga fewer than 100 inds).
A. mavornata Mauke Starling
Extinct. Res formerly Cook Is (Mauke, Olson 1986).
A. fusca Tasman Starling
A. f. fusca Extinct. Formerly res Norfolk I.
A. f. hulliana Extinct. Formerly res Lord Howe I.
Sturnis vulgaris Common Starling
S. v. subsp? Int NZ (NI, SI), Chatham Is (Long 1981). Res (self-int) Fiji (now extirpated? Onoilau, Vatoa Ono, Tuvanaira, Tuvanaicolo), Tonga (Tongatapu, Eua, Foa; extirp Ata), Norfolk I, Kermadec Is (<500 prs Raoul, <100 prs Herald Is, <50 prs Curtis, Veitch et al 2004), Stewart I, Snares Is (max 18 inds, 1-2? prs, Miskelly et al 2001), Auckland Is, Antipodes Is, Campbell I, Macquarie I, Guadalupe I. Acc Hawaiian Is (Oahu, Hawaii), Vanuatu. Int (now extirp?) Lord Howe I max 50 inds (Jordan; Hutton 1991;McAllan et al 2004).
Agropsar sturninus Daurian Starling
Acc Ogasawara Is.
A. philippensis Chestnut-cheeked Starling
Acc Oct Palau, s Izu Is (Torishima), Ogasawara Is.
Sturnia sinensis White-shouldered Starling
Cas Iwo Is (3 Oct recs Kita-iwo-jima).
Spodiopsar cineraceus White-cheeked Starling
Cas winter s Izu Is, Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is. Acc Mariana Is (Saipan).
A. tristis Common Myna
A. t. tristis Int Hawaiian Is (this subsp, SE Is and Midway I, Pyle and Pyle 2009); Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Ovalau, Wakaya, Cicia, Mago, Mamanuca Grp, Yasawa Grp), Samoa (Tutuila, Upolu, Savaii, McAllan and Hobcroft 2005), Society Is (Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea), NZ (NI), Marshall Is (Spennemann and Benjamin 2004; but not listed in Feare and Craig 1999; Amerson 1969 states int Kwajalein only, but "now absent" as does Pratt et al 2010), Cook Is (Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Manuae, Atiu, Mauke, Mangaia), Marquesas Is (Hiva Oa), New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Barre and Dutson 2000), Vanuatu (Santo, Malo, Paama, Epi, Efate, Tanna, Dutson, 2011), Solomon Is (Bougainville: dying out 2001, Gregory; 2 birds left at Arawa 2002, Hadden 2004a; Russell Is, Guadalcanal, Three Sisters Is), Wallis and Futuna (Uvea, int 1999; few tens only, Thibault et al 2015). Acc Norfolk I (Sep 1971, OSNZ 2010).
Acridotheres fuscus Jungle Myna
NOTE: Christidis and Boles (2008) included Acridotheres in Sturnus.
A. f. fuscus Int Fiji (Viti Levu, Nukulau, Ovalau, Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Cicia, Laucala, Namenalana).
A. f. subsp? Int Samoa (Upolu, Savaii, Tutuila), Wallis and Futuna (Uvea, >1000 inds, Tonga (Thibault et al 2015), Niuafoou, first rec Rinke 1986).
The general sequence and taxonomy is not overly controversia; the taxonomy and sequence herein follow Boyd for the most part.
Sialia currucoides Mountain Bluebird
Acc Guadalupe I.
Myadestes townsendi Townsend's Solitaire
M. t. subsp? Acc Guadalupe I.
M. obscurus Omao
Res Hawaiian Is (Hawaii, 169,000 inds, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
M. myadestinus Kamao
Extinct (Reynolds and Snetsinger, in Scott et al 2001; ca. 1999, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Res formerly Hawaiian Is (Kauai).
M. woahuensis Amaui
NOTE: The specific epithet was changed (Pyle 2002) from oahuensis based on Olson (1996). IOC v7.2 lists this taxon as a subspecies of Olomao M. lanaiensis.
Extinct. Res formerly Hawaiian Is (Oahu).
M. palmeri Puaiohi
Res Hawaiian Is (Kauai 200-500 inds, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
M. lanaiensis Olomao
NOTE: The two taxa are questionably separable (Pyle and Pyle 2009).
M. l. lanaiensis Extinct ca. 1934. Res formerly Hawaiian Is (Lanai).
M. l. rutha Res Hawaiian Is (Molokai, 19 inds 1980, no records since, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
Zoothera aurea White's Thrush
NOTE: Some authors consider this conspecific with Z. dauma Scaly Thrush.
Z. a. toratugumi Res Ogasawara Is (Chichijima, Hahajima, Brazil 1991). Vis s Izu Is (Torishima).
Z. dauma Scaly Thrush
Z. d. dauma Acc (this taxon, Pratt et al 2010; Jan Palau, photo Rock Is, Pratt and Etpison 2008; Pratt et al 2010)
Z. heinei Russet-tailed Thrush
NOTE: Formerly considered conspecific with Z. dauma Scaly Thrush.
Z. h. choiseuli Extinct? Res Solomon Is (Choiseul).
Z. terrestris Bonin Thrush
Extinct. Res formerly Ogasawara Is.
Z. margaretae Makira Thrush
Res Solomon Is (Makira).
Z. turipavae Guadalcanal Thrush
Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
Z. atrigena Bougainville Thrush
NOTE: This species is sometimes included with Z. talaseae Black-backed Thrush (IOC v7.2), but Dutson (2010) treats it as a full species.
Res Solomon Is (Bougainville).
Ixoreus naevius Varied Thrush
I. n. subsp? Acc Guadalupe I.
Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush
NOTE: Has been included in Catharus and Turdus.
Acc Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked Thrush
C. m. minimus Acc Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
C. guttatus Hermit Thrush
C. g. subsp? Vis Sep-May Guadalupe I.
Turdus philomelos Song Thrush
T. p. subsp? Int NZ (NI, SI). Res (self-int, Long 1981) Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991), Norfolk I, NZ (Stewart I), Kermadec Is (<500 prs Raoul I, Veitch et al 2004), Chatham Is, Snares Is 20-30 prs (Miskelly et al 2001), Auckland Is, Campbell Is. Cas Antipodes Is (Tennyson et al 2002). Acc Vanuatu, Macquarie I (Tasmania PWS).
T. migratorius American Robin
T. m. subsp? Acc Guadalupe I.
T. merula Eurasian Blackbird
T. m. merula This subsp., OSNZ 2010. Int NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I, Long 1981). Res (self-int from NZ, Long 1981) Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991), Norfolk I, Kermadec Is (>1000 prs Raoul, <100 prs Herald Is, Veitch et al 2004), Chatham Is, Snares Is 220 prs, Auckland Is, Campbell Is. Cas Antipodes Is (Tennyson et al 2002). Acc Macquarie I (Tasmania PWS).
T. eunomus Dusky Thrush
NOTE: Sometimes treated as conspecific with T. naumanni.
Cas s Izu Is, Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Uracas, Maug, Reichel and Glass 1991).
T. poliocephalus Island Thrush
T. p. bougainvillei Res Solomon Is (Bougainville).
T. p. kulambangrae Res Solomon Is (Kolombangara).
T. p. sladeni Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
T. p. rennellianus Res Solomon Is (Rennell).
T. p. vanikorensis Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Utupua, Vanikoro), Vanuatu (Malo, Espritu Santo).
T. p. placens Res Vanuatu (Banks Is: Ureparapara, Vanua Lava).
T. p. whitneyi Res Vanuatu (Banks Is: Gaua, Mere Lava; birds on the latter poss a different subspecies, Dutson 2011).
T. p. malekulae Res Vanuatu (Pentecost, Malekula, Ambrym).
T. p. becki Res Vanuatu (Paama, Lopevi, Epi, Emae).
T. p. efatensis Res Vanuatu (Efate, Nguna).
T. p. albifrons Res Vanuatu (Erromango).
T. p. pritzbueri Extinct. Formerly res Vanuatu (Tanna, Futuna; birds on the latter poss a different subspecies, Dutson 2011), New Caledonia (Loyalty Is: Lifou, Barre and Dutson 2000).
T. p. mareensis Extinct. (Barre and Dutson 2000). Formerly res New Caledonia (Loyalty Is: Mare).
T. p. xanthopus Res New Caledonia 50-100 inds 1978-81, Barre and Dutson 2000 (Grande Terre, Ile de Pins; prob only survives on Yande, where small pop 100+, Ekstrom et al 2002).
T. p. poliocephalus Extinct. Formerly res Norfolk I.
T. p. vinitinctus Extinct. Formerly res Lord Howe I.
T. p. layardi Res Fiji (Viti Levu, Ovalau, Yasawa Is, Koro).
T. p. ruficeps Res Fiji (Kadavu).
T. p. vitiensis Res Fiji (Vanua Levu).
T. p. hades Res Fiji (Gau).
T. p. tempesti Res Fiji (Taveuni).
T. p. samoensis Res Samoa (Savaii, Upolu).
T. chrysolaus Brown-headed Thrush
T. c. subsp.? Cas s Izu Is, Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is.
T. obscurus Eye-browed Thrush
Cas Oct-Apr Palau. Acc Hawaiian Is (Dec-Feb 1997-98 Midway, FN 52:261, Pyle 2002, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
T. pallidus Pale Thrush
Acc s Izu Is (Torishima), Iwo Is (Kita-iwojima).
T. falcklandii Austral Thrush
T. f. magellanicus Res Juan Fernandez Is.
Dickinson (2003) follows Sibley and Monroe (1990) in placing the Saxicolinae chats herein with old-world flycatchers. Taxonomy of Muscicapidae is difficult; Boyd synthesized data from many studies and roughed out a sequence of genera that is followed here. In any event, Muscicapidae is poorly-represented in the Pacific Region, with only two species of regular occurrence, the introduced White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus of Hawaiian Is and the resident Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius of the Izu and Ogasawara Is.
Copsychus malabaricus White-rumped Shama
NOTE: Boyd placed this taxon in genus Kittacincla based on genetic structure within Copsychus, but noted that genetic distances between this and other species formerly included in Copsychus was not impressive.
C. m. javanus and/or suavis Int Hawaiian Is (Oahu; self-int Molokai, Lanai, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
Muscicapa griseisticta Gray-streaked Flycatcher
Vis Sep-May Palau (Wiles et al 2000). Acc Caroline Is (Yap Sep, Pratt et al 2010)
Cyanoptila cyanomelana Blue-and-White Flycatcher
C. c. cyanomelana Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima), Iwo Is (Kita-iwojima).
Calliope calliope Siberian Rubythroat
NOTE: Use of Calliope instead of Luscinia is discussed by Boyd.
C. c. calliope Cas s Izu Is (Apr Torishima), Iwo Is, Oct-Apr Palau.
Tarsiger cyanura Red-flanked Bluetail
NOTE: Sometimes placed in the genus Calliope, but Boyd and IOC v7.2 retain it in Tarsiger.
T. c. cyanura Cas s Izu Is, Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is.
Ficedula narcissina Narcissus Flycatcher
F. n. narcissina Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is. Acc Palau (Pratt and Etpison 2008).
Phoenicurus auroreus Daurian Redstart
P. a. auroreus Cas s Izu Is, Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is.
Monticola solitarius Blue Rock-Thrush
M. s. philippensis Res s Izu Is (Torishima), Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is. Vis Nov-Apr Palau (Wiles et al 2000; Pratt et al 2010).
Oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear
O. o. oenanthe Acc Ogasawara Is (Oct Chichijima), Iwo Is (Apr Kita-iwojima).
O. deserti Desert Wheatear
O. d. subsp.? Acc Ogasawara Is (Sep Hahajima).
Christidis and Boles (2008) merged Dicaeidae into Nectariniidae, but recent genetic data (Fjeldsa et al 2010) found a "deep division" between them (Boyd).
Dicaeum aeneum Midget Flowerpecker
D. a. aeneum Res Solomon Is (Buka, Shortland Is, Fauro, Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Florida incl Buena Vista).
D. a. becki Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
D. a. malaitae Res Solomon Is (Malaita).
D. tristrami Mottled Flowerpecker
Res Solomon Is (Makira).
Cinnyris jugularis Olive-backed Sunbird
NOTE: Boyd places this taxon in Cyrtostomus, but IOC v7.2 retains it in Cinnyris.
C. j. flavigastra (Use of flavigastra is discussed by David and Gosselin 2002a). Res Solomon Is incl Nissan (2 recs, Hadden 2004b), but not Makira or Rennell.